Economic Impact of Galma Irrigation Scheme on the Farming Community in Dakaci, Zaria Area of Nigeria

Irrigation scheme is introduced for socioeconomic development of the community where it is based. One of such is the Galma Irrigation Fadama Project III around River Galma in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The project provides water to surrounding communities for farming. This study was carried out with a view to determine the socioeconomic impact of the irrigation scheme on farming community in Dakaci, Zaria Area of Kaduna State. The study used data acquired from questionnaire survey, interviews and other secondary sources. Relevant data which include method of land acquisition, sources of capital, size of farmland, source of labor, major crops grown, average annual crop yield and average annual income were collected. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The study revealed that the irrigation scheme to a large extent boosted crop yields and agricultural production in the area thereby improving the socioeconomic status of the farmers in the area. It is therefore recommended that more of such projects should be introduced to improve agricultural productivity. Moreover, there is the need for timely evaluation and assessment of such projects to maintain their proper functioning. In addition, government should refurbish the canals distributing the water to the farmlands, and also provide credit facilities to the farmers in order to improve their agricultural productivity which would help in ensuring food security for the nation at large

Economic Impact of Galma Irrigation Scheme on the Farming Community in Dakaci, Zaria Area of Nigeria

Irrigation scheme is introduced for socioeconomic development of the community where it is based. One of such is the Galma Irrigation Fadama Project III around River Galma in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The project provides water to surrounding communities for farming. This study was carried out with a view to determine the socioeconomic impact of the irrigation scheme on farming community in Dakaci, Zaria Area of Kaduna State. The study used data acquired from questionnaire survey, interviews and other secondary sources. Relevant data which include method of land acquisition, sources of capital, size of farmland, source of labor, major crops grown, average annual crop yield and average annual income were collected. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The study revealed that the irrigation scheme to a large extent boosted crop yields and agricultural production in the area thereby improving the socioeconomic status of the farmers in the area. It is therefore recommended that more of such projects should be introduced to improve agricultural productivity. Moreover, there is the need for timely evaluation and assessment of such projects to maintain their proper functioning. In addition, government should refurbish the canals distributing the water to the farmlands, and also provide credit facilities to the farmers in order to improve their agricultural productivity which would help in ensuring food security for the nation at large

Game Theory-Based Cooperation for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Review, Research Challenges and Directions.

Exploring and monitoring the underwater world using underwater sensors is drawing a lot of attention these days. In this field cooperation between acoustic sensor nodes has been a critical problem due to the challenging features such as acoustic channel failure (sound signal), long propagation delay of acoustic signal, limited bandwidth and loss of connectivity. There are several proposed methods to improve cooperation between the nodes by incorporating information/game theory in the node's cooperation. However, there is a need to classify the existing works and demonstrate their performance in addressing the cooperation issue. In this paper, we have conducted a review to investigate various factors affecting cooperation in underwater acoustic sensor networks. We study various cooperation techniques used for underwater acoustic sensor networks from different perspectives, with a concentration on communication reliability, energy consumption, and security and present a taxonomy for underwater cooperation. Moreover, we further review how the game theory can be applied to make the nodes cooperate with each other. We further analyze different cooperative game methods, where their performance on different metrics is compared. Finally, open issues and future research direction in underwater acoustic sensor networks are highlighted

Game Theory-Based Cooperation for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Review, Research Challenges and Directions

Exploring and monitoring the underwater world using underwater sensors is drawing a lot of attention these days. In this field cooperation between acoustic sensor nodes has been a critical problem due to the challenging features such as acoustic channel failure (sound signal), long propagation delay of acoustic signal, limited bandwidth and loss of connectivity. There are several proposed methods to improve cooperation between the nodes by incorporating information/game theory in the node’s cooperation. However, there is a need to classify the existing works and demonstrate their performance in addressing the cooperation issue. In this paper, we have conducted a review to investigate various factors affecting cooperation in underwater acoustic sensor networks. We study various cooperation techniques used for underwater acoustic sensor networks from different perspectives, with a concentration on communication reliability, energy consumption, and security and present a taxonomy for underwater cooperation. Moreover, we further review how the game theory can be applied to make the nodes cooperate with each other. We further analyze different cooperative game methods, where their performance on different metrics is compared. Finally, open issues and future research direction in underwater acoustic sensor networks are highlighted